parse.js

var openParentheses = '('.charCodeAt(0);
var closeParentheses = ')'.charCodeAt(0);
var singleQuote = '\''.charCodeAt(0);
var doubleQuote = '"'.charCodeAt(0);
var backslash = '\\'.charCodeAt(0);
var slash = '/'.charCodeAt(0);
var comma = ','.charCodeAt(0);
var colon = ':'.charCodeAt(0);
var star = '*'.charCodeAt(0);

module.exports = function (input) {
    var tokens = [];
    var value = input;

    var next, quote, prev, token, escape, escapePos, whitespacePos;
    var pos = 0;
    var code = value.charCodeAt(pos);
    var max = value.length;
    var stack = [{ nodes: tokens }];
    var balanced = 0;
    var parent;

    var name = '';
    var before = '';
    var after = '';

    while (pos < max) {
        // Whitespaces
        if (code <= 32) {
            next = pos;
            do {
                next += 1;
                code = value.charCodeAt(next);
            } while (code <= 32);
            token = value.slice(pos, next);

            prev = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
            if (code === closeParentheses && balanced) {
                after = token;
            } else if (prev && prev.type === 'div') {
                prev.after = token;
            } else if (code === comma || code === colon || code === slash && value.charCodeAt(next + 1) !== star) {
                before = token;
            } else {
                tokens.push({
                    type: 'space',
                    sourceIndex: pos,
                    value: token
                });
            }

            pos = next;

        // Quotes
        } else if (code === singleQuote || code === doubleQuote) {
            next = pos;
            quote = code === singleQuote ? '\'' : '"';
            token = {
                type: 'string',
                sourceIndex: pos,
                quote: quote
            };
            do {
                escape = false;
                next = value.indexOf(quote, next + 1);
                if (~next) {
                    escapePos = next;
                    while (value.charCodeAt(escapePos - 1) === backslash) {
                        escapePos -= 1;
                        escape = !escape;
                    }
                } else {
                    value += quote;
                    next = value.length - 1;
                    token.unclosed = true;
                }
            } while (escape);
            token.value = value.slice(pos + 1, next);

            tokens.push(token);
            pos = next + 1;
            code = value.charCodeAt(pos);

        // Comments
        } else if (code === slash && value.charCodeAt(pos + 1) === star) {
            token = {
                type: 'comment',
                sourceIndex: pos
            };

            next = value.indexOf('*/', pos);
            if (next === -1) {
                token.unclosed = true;
                next = value.length;
            }

            token.value = value.slice(pos + 2, next);
            tokens.push(token);

            pos = next + 2;
            code = value.charCodeAt(pos);

        // Dividers
        } else if (code === slash || code === comma || code === colon) {
            token = value[pos];

            tokens.push({
                type: 'div',
                sourceIndex: pos - before.length,
                value: token,
                before: before,
                after: ''
            });
            before = '';

            pos += 1;
            code = value.charCodeAt(pos);

        // Open parentheses
        } else if (openParentheses === code) {
            // Whitespaces after open parentheses
            next = pos;
            do {
                next += 1;
                code = value.charCodeAt(next);
            } while (code <= 32);
            token = {
                type: 'function',
                sourceIndex: pos - name.length,
                value: name,
                before: value.slice(pos + 1, next)
            };
            pos = next;

            if (name === 'url' && code !== singleQuote && code !== doubleQuote) {
                next -= 1;
                do {
                    escape = false;
                    next = value.indexOf(')', next + 1);
                    if (~next) {
                        escapePos = next;
                        while (value.charCodeAt(escapePos - 1) === backslash) {
                            escapePos -= 1;
                            escape = !escape;
                        }
                    } else {
                        value += ')';
                        next = value.length - 1;
                        token.unclosed = true;
                    }
                } while (escape);
                // Whitespaces before closed
                whitespacePos = next;
                do {
                    whitespacePos -= 1;
                    code = value.charCodeAt(whitespacePos);
                } while (code <= 32);
                if (pos !== whitespacePos + 1) {
                    token.nodes = [{
                        type: 'word',
                        sourceIndex: pos,
                        value: value.slice(pos, whitespacePos + 1)
                    }];
                } else {
                    token.nodes = [];
                }
                if (token.unclosed && whitespacePos + 1 !== next) {
                    token.after = '';
                    token.nodes.push({
                        type: 'space',
                        sourceIndex: whitespacePos + 1,
                        value: value.slice(whitespacePos + 1, next)
                    });
                } else {
                    token.after = value.slice(whitespacePos + 1, next);
                }
                pos = next + 1;
                code = value.charCodeAt(pos);
                tokens.push(token);
            } else {
                balanced += 1;
                token.after = '';
                tokens.push(token);
                stack.push(token);
                tokens = token.nodes = [];
                parent = token;
            }
            name = '';

        // Close parentheses
        } else if (closeParentheses === code && balanced) {
            pos += 1;
            code = value.charCodeAt(pos);

            parent.after = after;
            after = '';
            balanced -= 1;
            stack.pop();
            parent = stack[balanced];
            tokens = parent.nodes;

        // Words
        } else {
            next = pos;
            do {
                if (code === backslash) {
                    next += 1;
                }
                next += 1;
                code = value.charCodeAt(next);
            } while (next < max && !(
                code <= 32 ||
                code === singleQuote ||
                code === doubleQuote ||
                code === comma ||
                code === colon ||
                code === slash ||
                code === openParentheses ||
                code === closeParentheses && balanced
            ));
            token = value.slice(pos, next);

            if (openParentheses === code) {
                name = token;
            } else {
                tokens.push({
                    type: 'word',
                    sourceIndex: pos,
                    value: token
                });
            }

            pos = next;
        }
    }

    for (pos = stack.length - 1; pos; pos -= 1) {
        stack[pos].unclosed = true;
    }

    return stack[0].nodes;
};