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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">2. ansible集群管理工具</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id1">2.1. 安装</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id2">2.2. 配置</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#id3">2.3. 使用</a></li>
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  <div class="section" id="ansible">
<h1>2. ansible集群管理工具<a class="headerlink" href="#ansible" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>离线安装包:  <a class="reference external" href="smb://192.168.9.1">smb://192.168.9.1</a>/公共模块/繁星/繁星二代/自检系统/ansible_offline_tx1</p>
<p>playbook实例在 ansible_playbook_example 目录。</p>
<p>在繁星中增加ansible，作为集群管理工具。ansible工作的流程是，读取/etc/ansible/hosts主机列表，批量的、自动的使用ssh远程到主机上执行指令，我们可以用它获得子节点的状态，批量配置、更新程序</p>
<p>我们有三种使用方法：</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>写python或shell脚本，在脚本中编写复杂的指令组合，利用ansible的command模块将脚本和所需文件上传、执行。–此方法学习成本低，易上手。初级使用方法</li>
<li>使用ansible提供的module+playbook。 module相当于shell命令(copy/ls/ps/apt-get等等)，playbook相当于shell脚本，将module组合执行。 –此方法需要需要学习各module的功能和参数,playbook语法（yml），优点是反馈更清晰，流程掌控更好，playbook比shell和python好写些。</li>
<li>编写python脚本，使用ansible-api。 –此方法最高级，我能想到的需要使用此方法的应用途径：需要解析反馈信息并根据反馈做出不同反应；需要在自己的服务中利用ansible实现批量控制功能，比如批量升级服务，需要将各子节点升级进度，升级状态，错误信息反馈到web。</li>
</ol>
<p>中文说明文档：<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ansible.com.cn/docs/">http://www.ansible.com.cn/docs/</a></p>
<p>常用模块使用方法：<a class="reference external" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_032_ansible02.html">https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_032_ansible02.html</a> 。</p>
<div class="section" id="id1">
<h2>2.1. 安装<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>安装</li>
</ul>
<p>繁星的离线包已放在sdv，放在主节点上执行install.sh即可</p>
<p>在自己主机上安装: pip install ansible 。然后安装sshpass（支持在配置文件中增加密码免询问）</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id2">
<h2>2.2. 配置<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>配置主机列表</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>mkdir /etc/ansible
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>文件实例</p>
<div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">[</span>starnet1<span class="o">]</span>
ubuntu@192.168.66.7
<span class="c1">#指定密码，支持sudo不询问密码</span>
ubuntu@192.168.66.12 <span class="nv">ansible_sudo_pass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;ubuntu&#39;</span>
ubuntu@192.168.66.27 <span class="nv">ansible_sudo_pass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;ubuntu&#39;</span>
ubuntu@192.168.66.32 <span class="nv">ansible_sudo_pass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;ubuntu&#39;</span>
ubuntu@192.168.66.4 <span class="nv">ansible_sudo_pass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;ubuntu&#39;</span>
<span class="o">[</span>starnet2<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="c1">#公司内部使用这种配置方法。</span>
<span class="m">192</span>.168.66.<span class="o">[</span><span class="m">2</span>:41<span class="o">]</span> <span class="nv">ansible_ssh_pass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;ubuntu&quot;</span> <span class="nv">ansible_ssh_user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;ubuntu&quot;</span> <span class="nv">ansible_sudo_pass</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;ubuntu&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong>非交互式用户名密码方式（推荐公司内部采用此方式，方便但安全性低）</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>此方法需要安装sshpass。离线包已包含。密码需要已明文卸载配置中，不安全，在安全要求高的环境中禁止使用。但这个方法节省了对每个主机执行ssh-copy-id，是最方便的。参考配置文件中的starnet2组。在执行命令前，需要配置环境变量 export ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False，否则会报错。</p>
<p>执行 ansible starnet2 -m ping， 会向192.168.66.2，192.168.66.3 … 192.168.66.41 测试是否连通。</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>ssh公钥方式</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ssh-keygen <span class="c1">#一路回车</span>
ssh-copy-id ubuntu@目标节点IP
<span class="c1">#测试是否成功</span>
ssh ubuntu@ip <span class="c1">#不需要输入密码就能登录则说明成功</span>
<span class="c1">#也可以用root账户，输入密码。所有主机拷贝一次，后续就可以免密登陆了</span>
<span class="c1">#测试ping所有主机</span>
ansible all -m ping
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>交互式用户名密码方式（询问密码）</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ansible starnet1 -m ping --user<span class="o">=</span>ubuntu -k
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id3">
<h2>2.3. 使用<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>“上传文件夹，执行脚本” 。这种模式可以批量部署程序</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>执行多条指令方式</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#拷贝文件/文件夹</span>
<span class="sb">`</span>ansible starnet -m copy -a <span class="s2">&quot;src=./ansible_offline_tx1 /home/ubuntu/&quot;</span><span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="c1">#在主机上执行shell命令</span>
<span class="sb">`</span>ansible starnet -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">&quot;chmod +x /home/ubuntu/ansible_offline_tx1/install.sh&quot;</span><span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="sb">`</span>ansible starnet -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">&quot;bash /home/ubuntu/ansible_offline_tx1/install.sh&quot;</span><span class="sb">`</span>
以上两条指令结合，可满足大部分需求。
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>playbook方式</li>
</ul>
<p>playbook文件内容:</p>
<div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>---
- hosts: starnet
  sudo: yes
  tasks:•
    - name: copy dir to remote
      copy: <span class="nv">src</span><span class="o">=</span>ansible_offline_tx1 <span class="nv">dest</span><span class="o">=</span>/home/ubuntu/ansible_offline_tx1
    - name: run script
      command: chmod +x install.sh
      args:
        chdir: /home/ubuntu/ansible_offline_tx1/
      command: bash install.sh
      args:
        chdir: /home/ubuntu/ansible_offline_tx1/
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>保存 ansible_offline_tx1.yml</p>
<p>执行playbook</p>
<div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>ansible-playbook ansible_offline_tx1.yml
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>ansible提供了非常多的module，常用模块使用方法：<a class="reference external" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_032_ansible02.html">https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_032_ansible02.html</a>。</p>
<p>ansible-doc -l #可查看所有模块</p>
<p>ansible-doc 模块名   #查看某模块的使用方法，比如 ansible-doc apt  ;  ansible-doc pip  ; ansible-doc ps</p>
<p>我这里的介绍只是快速入门方法，还有很多强大的功能，比如copy的backup特性，幂性，hosts的多级分组，定时任务等等 建议通读一遍中文说明文档：<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ansible.com.cn/docs/">http://www.ansible.com.cn/docs/</a></p>
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